Wednesday, May 27, 2020
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Saturday, May 16, 2020
Our Physical And Ecological Environment That Shapes Our...
In this paper, I will argue between our physical and ecological environment that shapes our society and culture. First of all, we already have a firm scientific basis by which to assess the effect it has on the development of biology. For example, Darwinian science makes it clear that environment provides the driving force over long periods of time, longer than recorded of human cultural history. Darwinââ¬â¢s legendary Galapagos finches, with their beaks each adapted to the differing food sources on different islands, are a perfect example of the sort of determinism that some scholars fallaciously wish to apply to the evolution of culture. But for culture, despite of popular cant about ââ¬Å"memeticsâ⬠that does not evolve biologically. As weâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Nevertheless, the larger correlation between biodiversity and cultural diversity does seem to persist in different studies of different regions. Such as, in Nabhan, Pines et al. in their 2002 article on ââ¬Å"Safeguarding Species, Languages, and Cultures in the Time of Diversity Lossâ⬠look instead at a different region, the Colorado Plateau in North America, where the same conclusions appear to hold, although in this case it seems that human intellectual culture (i.e., academia) remains hung up on old ideas that no longer have any relevance to a genuine objective assessment. Furthermore, the Colorado Plateau undoubtedly ranks among the top five American regions north of the Tropic of Cancer in terms of linguistic, cultural, and biological diversity, as well as in biological and linguistic/cultural endemism. Nevertheless there is not a single conservation plan that takes into account both the cultural diversity and the biological diversity of the region. It is as if the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Theory Of Systems Engineering - 1585 Words
Systems engineering emerged as a formal discipline in the late 1990s, responding to both a rapidly increasing rate of technological product development, and a growing complexity within the products developed. Product prototypes developed in the late 19th century took over four times as long to reach a quarter of their market as similar prototypes developed in the late 20th century, with the average penetration time over the last 140 years dropping from 44 years to 17 years. Poorly-designed systems rushing to market with that speed will easily sink not only entire products, but also the organizations that own them. To help the engineering industry at large avoid such catastrophes, the International Council on Systems Engineering codified a generic but comprehensive collection of best practices and guiding principles for systems engineering in the Systems Engineering Handbook. The Handbook is a living document, originally published in 1994 and updated numerous times over the past twent y years to respond both to advances in the field of systems engineering, and to audience evolution (as system design migrated from a primarily national-defense-oriented discipline to a more broadly-applicable approach for building systems of all kinds). This paper focuses on the processes that support systems engineering, as described in Chapters Three and Seven. Chapter Three introduces the concept of ââ¬Å"life-cycle stagesâ⬠for all systems, noting that ââ¬Å"[e]very man-made system has a life-cycle,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Introduction to Industrial Engineering643 Words à |à 3 PagesIndustrial engineering is how to design, process, and install manufacturing system and industrial management in order to get a good performance. Industrial Engineering is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated system of men, materials and equipment. 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Student ID : 30131158 Principles of Software Engineering School of Science, Information Technology and Engineering (SITE) Objective: The purpose of this assignment is to enable students to demonstrate their ability to interpret a set of laws that are part of the principles of software engineering, to evaluate principles of software engineering aspects within an industry in relation to the various elements covered, to apply them to a cases drawnRead MoreEngineering Jobs and A Outline of Each Essay617 Words à |à 3 PagesCivil Engineering: Civil engineering is primarily concerned mainly with the planning and construction of different facilities (bridges, highways, buildings, dams, railroads, etc.) Civil engineering in Islam was mainly concerned with irrigation and water supply. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Strategic Management Of Tesco â⬠Myassignmenthelp.com
Question: 1. Critically examine the relationship and the need for compatibility between corporate strategic and functional management policies. 2. Analyse the internal and external influences on corporate objectives and strategy.3. Demonstrate the need for flexibility in strategic management and the practical limits of quantifying corporate strategy. Answer: Strategic Purpose Assessment of the Strategic Purpose of the Organisation in terms of Mission, Vision and Values The retail organisation selected for the current report is Tesco Plc., which is one of the biggest multinational grocery company based on the UK. The company was started in 1919 in London, UK by Jack Cohen. The core purpose of Tesco is, Serving Britain's shoppers a little better every day (Tesco PLC, 2014). The simple mission followed by the company is, to be the champion for customers, helping them to enjoy a better quality of life and an easier way of living (Tesco PLC, 2014). The strategic purpose of the company is to offer great products to customers at great value and that too in the right way. The values of the company have been designed in a manner that allows it put its mission into practice. Tescos values are to try hard for customers, to treat customers the way they want to be treated, and to do every little help because it creates a big difference. The Relationship and Compatibility between Strategic Statements and Functional Objectives of the Company Tesco in its strategic statements has stated that every step that it takes is related to its customers and serving them is at the heart of everything the company do. The main strategic intent of the company is to make sure that each of its customers gets a little better experience or service on every visit. The strategic statements of the company are compatible with its functional objectives because the functional objectives of the company are to understand customers by using any possible tools ranging from Clubcard to social media (Tesco PLC, 2014). The company also take significant steps to act as per customers need and to innovate by every means possible. Moreover, to offer a better quality of life to customers the company also acts responsibly towards the communities. The company has made its values a prominent part of its culture to reinforce the relationship between its strategic statements and its functions objectives (Tesco Plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015, 2015). External Analysis Analysis of the Broad Macro-Environment of the Company Political Factors: The government of UK has recently adopted a policy of fat tax with the main aim to lessen obesity and other health issues which are associated with it but these efforts can reduce the market share of Tesco but the company responded positively to this change by introducing the new range of brand new healthy food (Department for Business Innovation and Skills, 2013). Economic Factors: The UK economy has suffered from a severe financial crisis in its past years but it has been showing recovery with positive outcomes as it has facilitated the growth in supermarket industry in which Tesco basically operates. The GDP has got a hike of 2.7% greater than its previous years and this effective recovery encourage greater revenue growth for Tesco (Department for Business Innovation and Skills, 2013). Social Factors: Tesco has facilitated its customers to shop online which allows customers to get their favourite products during critical climatic conditions which reveals that Tesco has positively responded to social change in UK (Deloitte, 2013). Technological Factors: This is the era of internet and mobile as these two elements are the main aspects of technological advancements. Hence, Tesco has implemented effective mobile technology in order to improve its distribution services. Ecological Factors: Tesco aims to reduce the consumption of energy and ensure the utilization of green house gases with the main aim to balance and protect the environment in an efficient manner (Deloitte, 2013). Legal Factors: Currently, the government of UK is reforming the formal agricultural policy in order to give direct subsidies to farmers for their betterment. This may impact Tesco to lower its costs and hence, it is working harder to overcome this issue. In light of the above mentioned factors, some of the major threats and opportunities to gain sustainable competitive advantage may include: The economic recovery in UK facilitates Tesco to enhance its market share by providing quality products at good prices but the previous recession has changed spending of customers which has reduced the significance of large super stores. This can be a major threat as the organization has invested very heavily on the growth of large super stores. Porters Five Forces Analysis Threat of Substitute Products and Services: Tesco has gained maximum market share of United Kingdom which states that the new operators have to manufacture something very unique or at low prices in order to substitute the products of Tesco which reveals that threat of substitute products for food products in UK is very low. Threat of Entry of New Competitors: It requires the huge investment of capital and it is really very difficult for a new company to make its name in this field due to high capital investment and effective marketing strategy. Hence, the threat of the entry of new competitors is very low (Hill and Jones, 2012). Intensity of Competitive Rivalry: The intensity of competitive rivalry in regard to retail industry is quite high as Sainsbury and Tesco are neck to neck competitors but the recent survey has revealed that the sales of Sainsbury has slowed down. On the other hand, Aldis sales have seen a huge hike in its sales which enhances the intensity of competitive rivalry in UK. Bargaining Power of Buyers: The population of UK has juggled with recent financial crisis due to which people have become very aware of their money and they want to get more in less money which states that the bargaining power of buyers in UK is generally high (Pycraft, 2000). Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power of suppliers is low as no one wants to lose great commercial contracts with huge supermarkets. Hence, the suppliers make sure to provide goods at minimum and legal prices to companies like Tesco (Tesco at a glance, 2013). Internal Analysis Strategic Capabilities Strategic Capabilities in Terms of Organisational Competences The key contributing factors in Tescos success is it strong customer focussed approach due to which the strongly localise and translates its stores as per the needs of the host countrys customers (Partridge and Sinclair-Hunt, 2008). It is notable that Tesco has always remained one step in front of its competitors. The policy of the company to offer high quality products to customers at low price is the strong strategic tactic of the company. The company has kept its prices low by enhancing employee efficiency, designing effective delivery system and avoiding wastes. Tesco has set up a global sourcing team to pick non-food products from around the world, and thus, by procuring from developing countries like China and India, the company keep its prices low (DIW econ Economic Bulletin, 2011). The website of the company is its another strategic capability that allows it to offer sheer convenience and comfort to customers. Moreover, the supply chain system of the company has been designed in a manner that effectively connects its stores with Tesco.com. The information technology (IT) of the company has been organisational competency since long as the company being the first to introduce RFID technology in its supply chain and has also implemented lean management for eradicating waste, improving quality and reducing price (Zhao, 2014). Another prominent competency of Tesco is its strong financial assets and market goodwill. It is considerable that the goodwill of the company in 2014 3,771, which in turn increased to 3,795 in 2015. Also, Tesco has introduced cross docking operation and used collaborative plan, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) for supporting its inventory management. This has skilfully allowed the company to shun the need to store and lessen the inventory holding (Tesco Plc Annual Report and Financial Statements 2015, 2015). The below mentioned VRIO analysis presents the difference between the unique and basic resources of the company: Resources Valuable Rare Imitable Organisation Advantage IT integration Yes No Yes Yes Temporary Supply chain management Yes No No Yes Temporary Workforce Yes Yes No Yes Permanent Club Card Yes Yes No Yes Permanent Unique Store Format Yes Yes No Yes Permanent Cost efficiency Yes Yes Yes Yes Permanent Analysis of the Business Functions of the Company Tesco is one of the largest food retailers across the whole world and it is functioning smoothly with its 2318 stores across the globe. The company also provides the platform of online shopping to its customers with the help of its subsidiary, Tesco.com. Among all its stores in different countries of the world, UK is its largest market which has been operating under four banners since long time namely; Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. Apart from this, the company ensures that its activities do not harm any element of environment with the help of effective measures and environment sustainability. The business function of Tesco involves identifying, scanning, analysing, forecasting and then producing a product to suit the choices of customers. On the other hand, Tesco knows how to deal with major threats and take effective measures time to time in order to overcome them and to utilising the approaching opportunities for the betterment of the company. The overall analysis shows that the business function of Tesco is very fruitful for the customers as well as the employees of the company (Partridge and Sinclair-Hunt, 2008). Basis of Competitive Strategy Bowmans Strategy Clock explicates eight different strategies, such as no frills, low price, hybrid, differentiation, focussed differentiation, increased price/standard value, increased price/low value and standard price/low value, which companies can adopt for attaining competitive advantage on customers (Bowman and Faulkner 1996). Source: (Bowman and Faulkner 1996) From the eight strategies, Tesco has adopted hybrid strategy as it offer products at low price to consumer, but at a higher perceived value as compared to its competitors. Tesco has achieved a market reputation of charging highly fair prices for high superior quality goods. Tescos hybrid strategy is the basis of its competitive advantage as the prices of its products are low and customers are also assured of the quality and value. This combination in turn creates customer loyalty for the company. The company has attained this strategy by making its supply chain highly effective and efficient, i.e. free of wastes and timely delivery of products. The company also source high quality raw materials from developing economies at cheap prices so that it can offer equally low price goods to customers. Tesco has also pertinently used technology for sustaining its hybrid strategy by offering products direct to customers and eliminating any third party so that prices can be kept low (Baroto, Ab dullah and Wan, 2012). Strategic Choice and Strategy Evaluation Key Directions for Future Growth for the Company by using Ansoffs Matrix Figure: Ansoff Matrix Market Penetration: For market penetration, Tesco has to extend its products and services to the UK market, which in turn will help it in improving its sales. It is notable that the sales of Tesco in the UK have declined in past few years. Thus, it is essential for Tesco to restore its competitiveness not just by using its products by also by reinvesting in its stores to offer a unique experience to customers (Thomson and Baden-Fuller, 2010). New Product Development: Although, there are risks in introducing new product, however if a new product is introduced with utter care and research, it can bring huge returns. Tesco can rely on the expansion of non-food products. The company should focus on bringing new financial services to the market for regaining consumer interest. The retailing industry is currently going through overcapacity, and thus innovation is the major driver for growth and development (Wit and Meyer, 2010). New Market Development: Tesco should consider expanding to new markets like India, China, Japan and so on. It is notable that entry to new markets will act a key growth driver in Tescos revenues. Although, Tesco has expanded to Asian markets, but a more aggressive expansion will benefit the company as Asian markets are demonstrating a rise in consumer spending and are also demographically highly prospective markets. Therefore, for new market development Tesco should consider starting new and unique stores in Asian countries like China, India, Japan, and Singapore and so on (Sumer, 2010). Diversification: Diversification is one of the riskiest growth options as it diversifies the company completely from its current product line. In this regard, Tesco can expand its diversification of coffee shops to Asian market. The company has already diversified to different new products and services, such as financial services, and hence, this new diversification will allow the company to gain large market share (Cuthbertson, 2012). Selection of one of the Options of Ansoffs Matrix In light of the above options, it is noteworthy that in terms of market penetration and market development, Tesco is already working enough. It is now time to come up with novel product, and as a result, diversification is the best suitable option for Tesco for future growth. Suitability Diversification strategy is suitable because it is taking advantage of the external opportunities will minimise the threat of low sales and extensive competition. It is important to note that demand of coffee is increasing in Asian countries especially in China, and thus adopting this strategy will benefit the company. This strategy can also be built on the internal strengths of the company of an effective supply chain management and price efficiency. Acceptability Acceptability is related to whether the expected results of the proposed option will comply with stakeholders expectation or not (Jhonson et.al, 2011). The key stakeholders of Tesco are: Employees: require job security, safe environment and future growth, which diversification will bring Suppliers: want timely payment and demand. This can be done as diversification will enhance companys revenues Shareholders: demand high returns on shares, which is possible with better revenues by using diversification strategy Customers: want quality products and reasonable price and the company can offer this by utilising its competencies. Feasibility This factor is related to the capabilities and competencies of Tesco (Johnson, et al, 2011). On the basis of the internal analysis, it has been observed that Tesco has potent capabilities that will help the company (Johnson, et al, 2011). The company effectively used IT, its hybrid business strategy and differentiation of products and services will allow it to implement this strategy. Also, the club card scheme will enable the company to build a loyal customer base. Conclusion and Recommendations Conduct an overall summary of the strategic issues facing the selected company and evaluate how the selected company can, a) Make the most of their strengths b) Circumvent weaknesses c) Capitalize on opportunities d) Manage their threats. References Baroto, M.B., Abdullah, M.M.B., and Wan, H.L. 2012. Hybrid Strategy: A New Strategy for Competitive Advantage. International Journal of Business and Management; 7 (20), pp. 120-133. Bowman, C., and Faulkner, D. 1996. Competitive and Corporate Strategy. Irwin. Cuthbertson, C. 2012. Retail Strategy. UK: Routledge. Deloitte. 2013. 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Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4 (4), pp. 184-187.
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